Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process. Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes-the nitrifying bacteria-and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes-the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include: Organotrophs The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle Nitrite Ion Accumulation Dissolved Oxygen Denitrifying Bacteria Gaseous End Products Free Molecular Oxygen The Occurrence of Denitrification
A practical and accessible introduction to the bootstrap method--newly revised and updated Over the past decade, the application of bootstrap methods to new areas of study has expanded, resulting in theoretical and applied advances across various fields. Bootstrap Methods, Second Edition is a highly approachable guide to the multidisciplinary, real-world uses of bootstrapping and is ideal for readers who have a professional interest in its methods, but are without an advanced background in mathematics. Updated to reflect current techniques and the most up-to-date work on the topic, the Second Edition features: The addition of a second, extended bibliography devoted solely to publications from 1999-2007, which is a valuable collection of references on the latest research in the field A discussion of the new areas of applicability for bootstrap methods, including use in the pharmaceutical industry for estimating individual and population bioequivalence in clinical trials A revised chapter on when and why bootstrap fails and remedies for overcoming these drawbacks Added coverage on regression, censored data applications, P-value adjustment, ratio estimators, and missing data New examples and illustrations as well as extensive historical notes at the end of each chapter With a strong focus on application, detailed explanations of methodology, and complete coverage of modern developments in the field, Bootstrap Methods, Second Edition is an indispensable reference for applied statisticians, engineers, scientists, clinicians, and other practitioners who regularly use statistical methods in research. It is also suitable as a supplementary text for courses in statistics and resampling methods at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels.
Organic transformations are the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. The Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods series facilitates the search for the most useful functional group transformations in organic chemistry. Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Volume 9, provides quick access to proven protocols for the newest, most useful reactions and transformations. It contains both functional group transformations and bond-forming reactions, and focuses on the use of reagents readily available or easily prepared and handled in the laboratory.
This valuable desktop resource contains over 1,200 examples of published reactions for the preparation of monofunctional compounds in a handy reference, as well as over 800 examples of difunctional compounds, and features over 30 more reviews than Volume 8. As in all the previous Compendium volumes, the classification schemes used allow for quick and easy reference and information retrieval. Chemical transformations are classified by the reacting functional group of the starting material and then by the functional group formed. Helpful indices are provided for both monofunctional and difunctional compounds as an efficient means of guidance to specific classes of transformations.
Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Volume 9, is an unparalleled source of information on the methods, reactions, and transformations in contemporary organic chemistry for the working chemist and student.
Volume 9 in the series originated by I. T. Harrison and S. Harrison
A unique synthesis of the three existing Fourier-analytic treatments of quadratic reciprocity.
The relative quadratic case was first settled by Hecke in 1923, then recast by Weil in 1964 into the language of unitary group representations. The analytic proof of the general n-th order case is still an open problem today, going back to the end of Hecke's famous treatise of 1923. The Fourier-Analytic Proof of Quadratic Reciprocity provides number theorists interested in analytic methods applied to reciprocity laws with a unique opportunity to explore the works of Hecke, Weil, and Kubota.
This work brings together for the first time in a single volume the three existing formulations of the Fourier-analytic proof of quadratic reciprocity. It shows how Weil's groundbreaking representation-theoretic treatment is in fact equivalent to Hecke's classical approach, then goes a step further, presenting Kubota's algebraic reformulation of the Hecke-Weil proof. Extensive commutative diagrams for comparing the Weil and Kubota architectures are also featured.
The author clearly demonstrates the value of the analytic approach, incorporating some of the most powerful tools of modern number theory, including adèles, metaplectric groups, and representations. Finally, he points out that the critical common factor among the three proofs is Poisson summation, whose generalization may ultimately provide the resolution for Hecke's open problem.
The second edition of Ventilation Control of the Work Environment incorporates changes in the field of industrial hygiene since the first edition was published in 1982. Integrating feedback from students and professionals, the new edition includes problems sets for each chapter and updated information on the modeling of exhaust ventilation systems, and thus assures the continuation of the book's role as the primary industry textbook.
This revised text includes a large amount of material on HVAC systems, and has been updated to reflect the changes in the Ventilation Manual published by ACGIH. It uses both English and metric units, and each chapter concludes with a problem set.
This Second Edition is the premier name resource in the field. It provides a handy resource for navigating the web of named reactions and reagents. Reactions and reagents are listed alphabetically, followed by relevant mechanisms, experimental data (including yields where available), and references to the primary literature. The text also includes three indices based on reagents and reactions, starting materials, and desired products. Organic chemistry professors, graduate students, and undergraduates, as well as chemists working in industrial, government, and other laboratories, will all find this book to be an invaluable reference.
Edited by Nobel Prize-winner Ilya Prigogine and renowned authority Stuart A. Rice, the Advances in Chemical Physics series provides a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations in every area of the discipline. In a format that encourages the expression of individual points of view, experts in the field present comprehensive analyses of subjects of interest. This stand-alone, special topics volume, edited by Gert D. Billing of the University of Copenhagen and Michael Baer of the Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Yavne, Israel, reports recent advances on the role of degenerate states in chemistry. Volume 124 collects innovative papers on "Complex States of Simple Molecular Systems," "Electron Nuclear Dynamics," "Conical Intersections and the Spin-Orbit Interaction," and many more related topics. Advances in Chemical Physics remains the premier venue for presentations of new findings in its field.
At last-a social scientist's guide through the pitfalls of modern statistical computing Addressing the current deficiency in the literature on statistical methods as they apply to the social and behavioral sciences, Numerical Issues in Statistical Computing for the Social Scientist seeks to provide readers with a unique practical guidebook to the numerical methods underlying computerized statistical calculations specific to these fields. The authors demonstrate that knowledge of these numerical methods and how they are used in statistical packages is essential for making accurate inferences. With the aid of key contributors from both the social and behavioral sciences, the authors have assembled a rich set of interrelated chapters designed to guide empirical social scientists through the potential minefield of modern statistical computing. Uniquely accessible and abounding in modern-day tools, tricks, and advice, the text successfully bridges the gap between the current level of social science methodology and the more sophisticated technical coverage usually associated with the statistical field. Highlights include: A focus on problems occurring in maximum likelihood estimation Integrated examples of statistical computing (using software packages such as the SAS, Gauss, Splus, R, Stata, LIMDEP, SPSS, WinBUGS, and MATLAB®) A guide to choosing accurate statistical packages Discussions of a multitude of computationally intensive statistical approaches such as ecological inference, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and spatial regression analysis Emphasis on specific numerical problems, statistical procedures, and their applications in the field Replications and re-analysis of published social science research, using innovative numerical methods Key numerical estimation issues along with the means of avoiding common pitfalls A related Web site includes test data for use in demonstrating numerical problems, code for applying the original methods described in the book, and an online bibliography of Web resources for the statistical computation Designed as an independent research tool, a professional reference, or a classroom supplement, the book presents a well-thought-out treatment of a complex and multifaceted field.
The only all-inclusive treatment of holography-from fundamental principles to the most advanced concepts While several existing texts cover different aspects of the field of holography, none provides a complete, up-to-date, and accessible view of its popular, scientific, and engineering aspects. Now, from an author team that includes one of the world's pioneers in the field, Holographic Imaging fills this need with a single, comprehensive text that covers the subject from traditional holography to the cutting-edge development of the world's most advanced three-dimensional holographic images, holographic printing, and holographic video. Written in an engaging and easy-to-follow style, Holographic Imaging promotes a hands-on approach to making holograms and provides readers with a working understanding of how and why they work. Following a brief introduction to the fundamentals of light and diffraction, coverage includes: the diffraction efficiency of gratings, "platonic" holography, a ray-tracing analysis of holography, holographic lenses and in-line "Gabor" holography, off-axis "Leith & Upatnieks" holography, non-laser illumination of holograms, phase conjunction and real image projection, full-aperture transfer holography, white-light transmission "rainbow" holography, practical issues in rainbow holography, in-line "Denisyuk" reflection holography, off-axis reflection holography, edge-lit holography, computational display holography, holographic printing, and holographic television. Helpful diagrams and equations that summarize the mathematical and physical principles for each technique discussed make this an approachable resource for readers from a variety of backgrounds, including undergraduate and postgraduate students with an interest in optics, optoelectronics, and information display, as well as researchers, scientists, engineers, and technology-savvy artists.
A visually intuitive approach to statistical data analysis
Visual Statistics brings the most complex and advanced statistical methods within reach of those with little statistical training by using animated graphics of the data. Using ViSta: The Visual Statistics System-developed by Forrest Young and Pedro Valero-Mora and available free of charge on the Internet-students can easily create fully interactive visualizations from relevant mathematical statistics, promoting perceptual and cognitive understanding of the data's story. An emphasis is placed on a paradigm for understanding data that is visual, intuitive, geometric, and active, rather than one that relies on convoluted logic, heavy mathematics, systems of algebraic equations, or passive acceptance of results.
A companion Web site complements the book by further demonstrating the concept of creating interactive and dynamic graphics. The book provides users with the opportunity to view the graphics in a dynamic way by illustrating how to analyze statistical data and explore the concepts of visual statistics.
Visual Statistics addresses and features the following topics:
* Why use dynamic graphics?
* A history of statistical graphics
* Visual statistics and the graphical user interface
* Visual statistics and the scientific method
* Character-based statistical interface objects
* Graphics-based statistical interfaces
* Visualization for exploring univariate data
This is an excellent textbook for undergraduate courses in data analysis and regression, for students majoring or minoring in statistics, mathematics, science, engineering, and computer science, as well as for graduate-level courses in mathematics. The book is also ideal as a reference/self-study guide for engineers, scientists, and mathematicians.
With contributions by highly regarded professionals in the field, Visual Statistics not only improves a student's understanding of statistics, but also builds confidence to overcome problems that may have previously been intimidating.
A practical guide to wastewater bacteria and the roles they perform in wastewater treatment
Communicating material in a practical manner for operators and technicians who regulate and troubleshoot their wastewater treatment processes, Wastewater Bacteria discusses the effective control and proper operation of aerobic (activated sludge) and anaerobic (anaerobic digesters) biological treatment units to ensure that an adequate, active, and appropriate population of bacteria is present in each treatment unit. It is a hands-on guide to understanding the biology and biological conditions that occur at each treatment unit.
Avoiding unnecessary technical jargon and chemical equations, Wastewater Bacteria, the fifth book in the Wastewater Microbiology Series, explores and explains:
* Bacteria and the wastewater environment
* Enzymes and sludge production
* Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur bacteria
* Floc formation and filamentous organisms
* Nitrification and denitrification
* Sulfate reduction, fermentation, and methane production
* Toxicity
* Foam and malodor production
The goal of Wastewater Bacteria is to enable plant operators to achieve the twofold basic objectives of wastewater treatment-to degrade organic wastes to a level where a significant, dissolved oxygen demand is not exerted upon receiving waters and to remove nutrients to levels where photosynthetic organisms in receiving waters are limited in their growth. This straightforward manual equips plant technicians to meet these objectives with essential information to understand the biological processes and organisms involved in wastewater treatment.
Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.
A practical guide to wastewater pathogens
The fourth volume in Wiley's Wastewater Microbiology series, Wastewater Pathogens offers wastewater personnel a practical guide that is free of overly technical jargon. Designed especially for operators, the text provides straight facts on the biology of treatment as well as appropriate protective measures. Coverage includes:
* An overview of relevant history, hazards, and organisms
* Viruses, bacteria, and fungi
* Protozoa and helminthes
* Ectoparasites and rodents
* Aerosols, foam, and sludge
* Disease transmission and the body's defenses
* Removal, inactivation, and destruction of pathogens
* Hygiene measures, protective equipment, and immunizations
Discover grid computing-how to successfully build, implement, and manage widely distributed computing architecture
With technology budgets under increasing scrutiny and system architecture becoming more and more complex, many organizations are rethinking how they manage and use technology. Keeping a strong business focus, this publication clearly demonstrates that the current ways of tying applications to dedicated hardware are no longer viable in today's competitive, bottom line-oriented environment. This evolution in distributed computing is leading a paradigm shift in leveraging widely distributed architectures to get the most processing power per IT dollar.
Presenting a solid foundation of data management issues and techniques, this practical book delves into grid architecture, services, practices, and much more, including:
* Why businesses should adopt grid computing
* How to master the fundamental concepts and programming techniques and apply them successfully to reach objectives
* How to maximize the value of existing IT investments
The author has tailored this publication for two distinct audiences. Business professionals will gain a better understanding of how grid computing improves productivity and performance, what impact it can have on their organization's bottom line, and the technical foundations necessary to discuss grid computing with their IT colleagues. Following the author's expert guidance and practical examples, IT professionals, architects, and developers will be equipped to initiate and carry out successful grid computing projects within their own organizations.
The activated sludge process is the most versatile, commonly used wastewater treatment system in North America; however, many activated sludge processes frequently experience operational problems related to poor compaction or settleability of secondary solids and loss of secondary solids from the clarifier. Eschewing the technical jargon and copious chemical equations found in the majority of wastewater studies, Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process speaks directly to plant operators, showing them how to identify and solve common problems and achieve maximum efficiency. Michael H. Gerardi's hands-on guide addresses the most common plant operational problems, such as increased costs, loss of treatment efficiency, and permit violations. Using numerous tables and illustrations, Settleability Problems provides microscopic and analytical techniques for troubleshooting and identifying the conditions responsible for settleability problems and loss of solids. It includes pictures of wet mounts and smears of acceptable and unacceptable microscopic conditions of the activated sludge and presents corrective measures for operational problems. Chapters include: Undesired Filamentous Growth Nutrient-Deficient Floc Particles Denitrification Slug Discharge of Soluble cBOD Viscous Bulking or Zoogloeal Growth Production and Accumulation of Foam and Scum Volume II in the series, Settleability Problems will prove to be of unparalleled value to wastewater treatment plant operators as well as students of wastewater microbiology.
Discover important lessons learned about whole organism biology via microbial proteomics This text provides an exhaustive analysis and presentation of current research in the field of microbial proteomics, with an emphasis on new developments and applications and future directions in research. The editors and authors show how and why the relative simplicity of microbes has made them attractive targets for extensive experimental manipulation in a quest for both improved disease prevention and treatment and an improved understanding of whole organism functional biology. In particular, the text demonstrates how microbial proteomic analyses can aid in drug discovery, including identification of new targets, novel diagnostic markers, and lead optimization. Each chapter is written by one or more leading experts in the field and carefully edited to ensure a consistent and thorough approach throughout. Methods, technologies, and tools associated with the most promising approaches are stressed. Key topics covered include: Microbial pathogenesis at the proteome level Whole cell modeling Structural proteomics and computational analysis Biomolecular interactions Physiological proteomics Metabolic reconstruction using proteomics data While presenting the practical utility of proteomics data, the text is also clear on the field's current limitations, pointing to areas where further investigation is needed. Offering a state-of-the-art perspective from internationally recognized experts, this text is ideally suited for researchers and students across the gamut of genomic sciences, including biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, biotechnology, and veterinary science.
Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation fills a gap in the existing medical electronic devices literature by providing background and examples of how medical instrumentation is actually designed and tested. The book includes practical examples and projects, including working schematics, ranging in difficulty from simple biopotential amplifiers to computer-controlled defibrillators. Covering every stage of the development process, the book provides complete coverage of the practical aspects of amplifying, processing, simulating and evoking biopotentials. In addition, two chapters address the issue of safety in the development of electronic medical devices, and providing valuable insider advice.
Liquid-Phase Epitaxy (LPE) is a technique used in the bulk growth of crystals, typically in semiconductor manufacturing, whereby the crystal is grown from a rich solution of the semiconductor onto a substrate in layers, each of which is formed by supersaturation or cooling. At least 50% of growth in the optoelectronics area is currently focussed on LPE. This book covers the bulk growth of semiconductors, i.e. silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium mercury telluride, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, cadmium zinc telluride, a range of wide-bandgap II-VI compounds, diamond and silicon carbide, and a wide range of oxides/fluorides (including sapphire and quartz) that are used in many industrial applications. A separate chapter is devoted to the fascinating field of growth in various forms of microgravity, an activity that is approximately 30-years old and which has revealed many interesting features, some of which have been very surprising to experimenters and theoreticians alike. Covers the most important materials within the field The contributors come from a wide variety of countries and include both academics and industrialists, to give a balanced treatment Builds-on an established series known in the community Highly pertinent to current and future developments in telecommunications and computer-processing industries.
INTRODUCING A POWERFUL APPROACH TO DEVELOPING RELIABLE QUANTUM MECHANICAL TREATMENTS OF A LARGE VARIETY OF PROCESSES IN MOLECULAR SYSTEMS.
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation has been fundamental to calculation in molecular spectroscopy and molecular dynamics since the early days of quantum mechanics. This is despite well-established fact that it is often not valid due to conical intersections that give rise to strong nonadiabatic effects caused by singular nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs). In Beyond Born-Oppenheimer, Michael Baer, a leading authority on molecular scattering theory and electronic nonadiabatic processes, addresses this deficiency and introduces a rigorous approach--diabatization--for eliminating troublesome NACTs and deriving well-converged equations to treat the interactions within and between molecules.
Concentrating on both the practical and theoretical aspects of electronic nonadiabatic transitions in molecules, Professor Baer uses a simple mathematical language to rigorously eliminate the singular NACTs and enable reliable calculations of spectroscopic and dynamical cross sections. He presents models of varying complexity to illustrate the validity of the theory and explores the significance of the study of NACTs and the relationship between molecular physics and other fields in physics, particularly electrodynamics.
The first book of its king Beyond Born-Oppenheimer:
* Presents a detailed mathematical framework to treat electronic NACTs and their conical intersections
* Describes the Born-Oppenheimer treatment, including the concepts of adiabatic and diabatic frameworks
* Introduces a field-theoretical approach to calculating NACTs, which offers an alternative to time-consuming ab initio procedures
* Discusses various approximations for treating a large system of diabatic Schrdinger equations
* Presents numerous exercises with solutions to further clarify the material being discussed
Beyond Born-Oppenheimer is required reading for physicists, physical chemists, and all researchers involved in the quantum mechanical study of molecular systems.
Increase profitability and reduce risk through effective parts selection and management
Corporations recognize that technology can be the key to fueling product design and development. But just as crucial-if not more-to a company's success are the decisions about when, what, and how a technology will be used. Few companies have failed because the right technology was not available; many have failed when a technology was not effectively selected and managed.
Parts Selection and Management is a guide to increasing company profitability and reducing the time-to-profit through the efficient management of the process of parts selection and management. Taking an "eyes-on, hands-off" approach to parts selection, this guidebook addresses risk-assessment, decision-making steps, and subsequent management activities. The book covers everything from methodologies for parts selection and management, product requirements and specifications, and manufacturer assessment procedures to ways to track part changes through the supply chain, reliability assessment, and environmental, legislative, and legal issues.
Written by a seasoned professional, teacher, and author in the field, the book enables companies to:
* Employ effective risk assessment and mitigation techniques
* Make an informed company-wide decision about parts selection and management
* Choose parts to fit the functionality of the product and other constraints
* Maximize system supportability by preparing for parts obsolescence
* Improve supply-chain interactions and communications with customers and regulatory agencies to minimize time-to-profit
Shedding light on a neglected but essential aspect of product development, Parts Selection and Management will give your organization the tools you need to avoid the risks associated with product use while promoting flexibility, innovation, and creativity in your product development.
Intravascular thrombus formation remains one of the most significant problems in cardiovascular medicine. It underlies the clinical presentation of acute coronary syndromes, including unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. More and more individuals are stricken with an acute MI and undergo a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Several reasons apply, including an increasingly aged population, the growing burden of chronic risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, sedentary behaviour, and improvements in early recognition and intervention. Thrombus formation also results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite significant advances in prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism remains a common preventable cause of hospital deaths. Implementing the most appropriate, and safe, anticoagulation therapy across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease in the presence of a wide range of other risk factors remains a challenge. Written by leading authorities in the field, Management Strategies in Antithrombotic Therapy offers a comprehensive review of antithrombotic therapy, including the latest therapies, risk factors and evidence-based strategy. The book acquaints readers with the data behind the commonly used antithrombotic agents and assists them in formulating a sound, evidence-based therapeutic strategy appropriate for each patient. This book is an invaluable resource for all postgraduate students and specialist physicians in cardiovascular medicine, cardiac and vascular surgery, and critical care.
How to design, execute, and interpret experiments for protein sequencing using mass spectrometry
The rapid expansion of searchable protein and DNA databases in recent years has triggered an explosive growth in the application of mass spectrometry to protein sequencing. This timely and authoritative book provides professionals and scientists in biotechnology research with complete coverage of procedures for analyzing protein sequences by mass spectrometry, including step-by-step guidelines for sample preparation, analysis, and data interpretation.
Michael Kinter and Nicholas Sherman present their own high-quality, laboratory-tested protocols for the analysis of a wide variety of samples, demonstrating how to carry out specific experiments and obtain fast, reliable results with a 99% success rate. Readers will get sufficient experimental detail to apply in their own laboratories, learn about the proper selection and operation of instruments, and gain essential insight into the fundamental principles of mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. Coverage includes:
* Peptide fragmentation and interpretation of product ion spectra
* Basic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
* Preparation of protein digests for sequencing experiments
* Mass spectrometric analysis using capillary liquid chromatography
* Techniques for protein identification by database searches
* Characterization of modified peptides using tandem mass spectrometry
And much more
Accessible to medicine- and/or public policy-related audiences, as well as most statisticians.
* Emphasis on outliers is discussed by way of detection and treatment.
* Resampling statistics software is incorporated throughout.
* Motivating applications are presented in light of honest theory.
* Plentiful exercises are sprinkled throughout.
A Step-by-Step Guide to Verification of Digital Systems This practical book provides a step-by-step, interactive introduction to formal verification of systems and circuits. The book offers theoretical background and introduces the application of three powerful verification toolsets: LOTOS-based CADP, Petri nets-based PETRIFY, and CCS-based CWB. The book covers verification of modular asynchronous circuits, alternating-bit protocols, arbiters, pipeline controllers, up-down counters, and phase converters, as well as many other verification examples. Using the given detailed examples, exercises, and easy-to-follow tutorials, complete with the downloadable toolsets available via referenced Web sites, this book serves as an ideal text in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in computer science and electrical engineering. It is also valuable as a desktop reference for practicing verification engineers who are interested in verifying that designed digital systems meet specifications and requirements.
