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Presents an up-to-date overview of the rapidly growing field of carbene transformations Carbene transformations have had an enormous impact on catalysis and organometallic chemistry. With the growth of transition metal-catalyzed carbene transformations in recent decades, carbene transformations are today an important compound class in organic synthesis as well as in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Edited by leading experts in the field, Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transformations is a thorough summary of the most recent advances in the rapidly expanding research area. This authoritative volume covers different reaction types such as ring forming reactions and rearrangement reactions, details their conditions and properties, and provides readers with accurate information on a wide range of carbene reactions. Twelve in-depth chapters address topics including carbene C-H bond insertion in alkane functionalization, the application of engineered enzymes in asymmetric carbene transfer, progress in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling using carbene precursors, and more. Throughout the text, the authors highlight novel catalytic systems, transformations, and applications of transition-metal-catalyzed carbene transfer. Highlights the dynamic nature of the field of transition-metal-catalyzed carbene transformations Summarizes the catalytic radical approach for selective carbene cyclopropanation, high enantioselectivity in X-H insertions, and bio-inspired carbene transformations Introduces chiral N,N'-dioxide and chiral guanidine-based catalysts and different transformations with gold catalysis Discusses approaches in cycloaddition reactions with metal carbenes and polymerization with carbene transformations Outlines multicomponent reactions through gem-difunctionalization and transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling using carbene precursors Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transformations is essential reading for all chemists involved in organometallics, including organic and inorganic chemists, catalytic chemists, and chemists working in industry.
Provides comprehensive coverage on using X-ray fluorescence for laboratory applications This book focuses on the practical aspects of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and discusses the requirements for a successful sample analysis, such as sample preparation, measurement techniques and calibration, as well as the quality of the analysis results. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Laboratory Applications begins with a short overview of the physical fundamentals of the generation of X-rays and their interaction with the sample material, followed by a presentation of the different methods of sample preparation in dependence on the quality of the source material and the objective of the measurement. After a short description of the different available equipment types and their respective performance, the book provides in-depth information on the choice of the optimal measurement conditions and the processing of the measurement results. It covers instrument types for XRF; acquisition and evaluation of X-Ray spectra; analytical errors; analysis of homogeneous materials, powders, and liquids; special applications of XRF; process control and automation. An important resource for the analytical chemist, providing concrete guidelines and support for everyday analyses Focuses on daily laboratory work with commercially available devices Offers a unique compilation of knowledge and best practices from equipment manufacturers and users Covers the entire work process: sample preparation, the actual measurement, data processing, assessment of uncertainty, and accuracy of the obtained results X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Laboratory Applications appeals to analytical chemists, analytical laboratories, materials scientists, environmental chemists, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, and pharma engineers.
Smart Stimuli-Responsive Poymers, Films, and Gels Discover the most important developments in synthesis, simulation, and applications of a fascinating compound class There exist a range of natural materials that respond to environmental changes by altering their physical or chemical properties, known as stimuli-responsive polymers, these substances are responsive to light, temperature, pressure, and more. The study of these so-called "smart" polymers is essential to a range of application fields, many of which have generated cutting-edge research in recent decades. A comprehensive introduction to the subject is therefore well-timed Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels provides an introduction to these polymers and their applications. It includes producing these polymers through synthetic approaches, simulating their responses to different stimuli, and applying these materials in different industries and research capacities. Written to serve the requirements of advanced students and senior researchers alike, this timely work will drive years of research in this vital field. In Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels readers will also find: Treatment of mechanoresponsive, photoresponsive, and ionizing-radiation responsive polymers Applications in emerging fields such as sensors, biomedicine, catalysis, and more Interdisciplinary research into the properties and responses of these vital compounds Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels promises to become a seminal work for chemists, materials scientists, and industrial researchers seeking to incorporate these materials into a variety of industrial and research areas.
Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells A comprehensive exploration of printable perovskite solar cells and their potential for commercialization In Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an accessible and incisive discussion of the principles, technologies, and fabrication processes associated with the manufacture and use of perovskite solar cells. The authors detail the properties, characterization methods, and technologies for halide perovskite materials and devices and explain printable processing technologies, mesoscopic anode and cathodes, and spacer layers for printable perovskite solar cells. In the book, you'll find expansive discussions of the stability issues inherent in perovskite solar cells and explore the potential for scaling and commercializing the printing of perovskite solar cells, complete with real-world industry data. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the background and fundamentals of perovskite solar cells Comprehensive explorations of the characterization methods and technologies used with halide perovskite materials and devices Practical discussions of printable processing technologies for perovskite solar cells Fulsome treatments of the stability issues associated with perovskite solar cells and potential solutions for them Perfect for materials scientists, solid state physicists and chemists, and electronics engineers, Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells will also benefit surface chemists and physicists.
The third edition of this popular work is revised to include the latest developments in this fast-changing field. Its interdisciplinary approach elegantly combines the chemistry and engineering to explore the fundamentals and optimization processes involved.
This new up-to-date edition of the successful handbook and ready reference retains the proven concept of the first, covering basic and advanced methods and applications in infrared imaging from two leading expert authors in the field.
All chapters have been completely revised and expanded and a new chapter has been added to reflect recent developments in the field and report on the progress made within the last decade.
In addition there is now an even stronger focus on real-life examples, with 20% more case studies taken from science and industry. For ease of comprehension the text is backed by more than 590 images which include graphic visualizations and more than 300 infrared thermography figures. The latter include many new ones depicting, for example, spectacular views of phenomena in nature, sports, and daily life.
The only textbook that applies thermodynamics to real-world process engineering problems
This must-read for advanced students and professionals alike is the first book to demonstrate how chemical thermodynamics work in the real world by applying them to actual engineering examples. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the particular models and procedures, and explains the most important models that are applied in process industry. All the topics are illustrated with examples that are closely related to practical process simulation problems. At the end of each chapter, additional calculation examples are given to enable readers to extend their comprehension.
Chemical Thermodynamics for Process Simulation instructs on the behavior of fluids for pure fluids, describing the main types of equations of state and their abilities. It discusses the various quantities of interest in process simulation, their correlation, and prediction in detail. Chapters look at the important terms for the description of the thermodynamics of mixtures; the most important models and routes for phase equilibrium calculation; models which are applicable to a wide variety of non-electrolyte systems; membrane processes; polymer thermodynamics; enthalpy of reaction; chemical equilibria, and more.
-Explains thermodynamic fundamentals used in process simulation with solved examples
-Includes new chapters about modern measurement techniques, retrograde condensation, and simultaneous description of chemical equilibrium
-Comprises numerous solved examples, which simplify the understanding of the often complex calculation procedures, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of models and procedures
-Includes estimation methods for thermophysical properties and phase equilibria thermodynamics of alternative separation processes
-Supplemented with MathCAD-sheets and DDBST programs for readers to reproduce the examples
Chemical Thermodynamics for Process Simulation is an ideal resource for those working in the fields of process development, process synthesis, or process optimization, and an excellent book for students in the engineering sciences.
Presents a thorough overview of perovskite research, written by leaders in the field of photovoltaics The use of perovskite-structured materials to produce high-efficiency solar cells is a subject of growing interest for academic researchers and industry professionals alike. Due to their excellent light absorption, longevity, and charge-carrier properties, perovskite solar cells show great promise as a low-cost, industry-scalable alternative to conventional photovoltaic cells. Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processes, and Devices provides an up-to-date overview of the current state of perovskite solar cell research. Addressing the key areas in the rapidly growing field, this comprehensive volume covers novel materials, advanced theory, modelling and simulation, device physics, new processes, and the critical issue of solar cell stability. Contributions by an international panel of researchers highlight both the opportunities and challenges related to perovskite solar cells while offering detailed insights on topics such as the photon recycling processes, interfacial properties, and charge transfer principles of perovskite-based devices. Examines new compositions, hole and electron transport materials, lead-free materials, and 2D and 3D materials Covers interface modelling techniques, methods for modelling in two and three dimensions, and developments beyond Shockley-Queisser Theory Discusses new fabrication processes such as slot-die coating, roll processing, and vacuum sublimation Describes the device physics of perovskite solar cells, including recombination kinetics and optical absorption Explores innovative approaches to increase the light conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processes, and Devices is essential reading for all those in the photovoltaic community, including materials scientists, surface physicists, surface chemists, solid state physicists, solid state chemists, and electrical engineers.
Completely updated in line with the rapid progress made in the field, this new edition of the highly-praised textbook addresses powerful new methods and concepts in biotechnology, such as genome editing, reprogrammed stem cells, and personalized medicine.
An introduction to the fundamentals in molecular and cell biology is followed by a description of standard techniques, including purification and analysis of biomolecules, cloning techniques, gene expression systems, genome editing methods, labeling of proteins and in situ-techniques, standard and high resolution microscopy. The third part focuses on key areas in research and application, ranging from functional genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics to drug targeting, recombinant antibodies and systems biology. The final part looks at the biotechnology industry, explaining intellectual property issues, legal frameworks for pharmaceutical products and the interplay between start-up and larger companies. The contents are beautifully illustrated throughout, with hundreds of full color diagrams and photographs.
Provides students and professionals in life sciences, pharmacy and biochemistry with everything they need to know about molecular biotechnology.
A general introduction to surface and interfacial forces, perfectly combining theoretical concepts, experimental techniques and practical applications.
In this completely updated edition all the chapters have been thoroughly revised and extended to cover new developments and approaches with around 15% new content. A large part of the book is devoted to surface forces between solid surfaces in liquid media, and while a basic knowledge of colloid and interface science is helpful, it is not essential since all important concepts are explained and the theoretical concepts can be understood with an intermediate knowledge of mathematics. A number of exercises with solutions and the end-of-chapter summaries of the most important equations, facts and phenomena serve as additional tools to strengthen the acquired knowledge and allow for self-study.
The result is a readily accessible text that helps to foster an understanding of the intricacies of this highly relevant topic.
Filling a gap in the chemical literature, this monograph provides a comprehensive overview of the fascinating and expanding field of cross-conjugated molecules, their chemistry, synthesis and properties.
The editors are world leading scientists in the field, and have assembled a team of experts to discuss different classes of cross-conjuagted molecules, as well as the use of cross-conjugation for organic synthesis and applications in electronic systems and material science.
This handbook is derived from the online reference "Corrosion Handbook", bringing together the relevant information about corrosion protection and prevention for steels, one of the most widely used materials. It provides comprehensive information, including tabulated data and references, on the corrosion properties of the following materials: Unalloyed steels and cast steel, unalloyed cast iron, high-alloy cast iron, high-silicon cast iron, structural steels with up to 12% chromium, ferritic chromium steels with more than 12% chromium, ferritic-austenitic steels with more than 12% chromium, high-alloy multiphase steels, ferritic/perlitic-martensitic steels, ferritic-austenitic steels/duplex steels, austenitic chromium-nickel steels, austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, austenitic chromium-nickel steels with special alloying additions, special iron-based alloys, and zinc. The following corrosive media are considered: Seawater, brackish water, industrial waste water, municipal waste water, drinking water, high-purity water.
This systematic introduction to the topic includes theoretical concepts to help readers understand and predict surface forces, while also integrating experimental techniques and practical applications with up-to-date examples plus motivating exercises.
Starting with intermolecular forces, the authors discuss different surfaces forces, with a major part devoted to surface forces between solid surfaces in liquid media. In addition, they cover surface forces between liquid-vapor interfaces and between liquid-liquid interfaces.
Mit dem richtigen Mindset und dem ntigen Wissen knnen auch Sie reich werden. Beides vermittelt Ihnen dieses Buch. Es unterstützt Sie dabei, Macher-Qualitäten zu entwickeln, Chancen zu bewerten, kalkulierbare Risiken einzugehen und dann Ihr Geld für sich arbeiten zu lassen. Und es macht Sie schlau zu gewinnträchtigen Investment-Mglichkeiten: Immobilien, Aktien, Sachwerte, Kryptowährungen und Co. Erfahren Sie, wie Sie mit »Betongold« Geld machen knnen und wie Sie mithilfe der Technischen Analyse und der Fundamentalanalyse renditestarke Aktien kaufen. Entwickeln Sie Ihre persnliche Reichmach-Strategie!
Buchführung ist für viele ein Schmerzthema. Doch Übung macht den Meister, denn die Praxis lernt man am besten durch buchen, buchen, buchen. Dieses Buch ist randvoll mit Übungen und Lsungen. Es enthält Buchungsbeispiele aus dem Arbeitsalltag eines jeden Buchhalters, gepaart mit unterhaltsamen Geschichten rund um Soll und Haben.
Nach einem Einstieg mit grundlegenden Übungen zur einfachen und doppelten Buchführung geht es um Anlage- und Umlaufvermgen, Finanzen, Entgelte und, last but not least, den Jahresabschluss. Schon bald werden Ihnen Buchungen und Abgrenzungen ganz leicht von der Hand gehen.
The state-of-the-art full-colored handbook gives a comprehensive introduction to the principles and the practice of calculation, layout, and understanding of optical systems and lens design. Written by reputed industrial experts in the field, this text introduces the user to the basic properties of optical systems, aberration theory, classification and characterization of systems, advanced simulation models, measuring of system quality and manufacturing issues.
In this Volume Volume 2 continues the introduction given in volume 1 with the more advanced texts about the foundations of image formation. Emphasis is placed on an intuitive while theoretically exact presentation. More than 400 color graphs and selected references on the end of each chapter support this undertaking.
From the contents:
17 Wave equation
18 Diffraction
19 Interference and coherence
20 Imaging
21 Imaging with partial coherence
22 Three dimensional imaging
23 Polarization
24 Polarization and optical imaging
A1 Mathematical appendix
Other Volumes Volume 1: Fundamentals of Technical Optics
Volume 3: Aberration Theory and Correction of Optical Systems
Volume 4: Survey of Optical Instruments
Volume 5: Advanced Physical Optics
This is the first book to present the necessary quantum chemical methods for both resonance types in one handy volume, emphasizing the crucial interrelation between NMR and EPR parameters from a computational and theoretical point of view.
Here, readers are given a broad overview of all the pertinent topics, such as basic theory, methodic considerations, benchmark results and applications for both spectroscopy methods in such fields as biochemistry, bioinorganic chemistry as well as with different substance classes, including fullerenes, zeolites and transition metal compounds. The chapters have been written by leading experts in a given area, but with a wider audience in mind.
The result is the standard reference on the topic, serving as a guide to the best computational methods for any given problem, and is thus an indispensable tool for scientists using quantum chemical calculations of NMR and EPR parameters.
A must-have for all chemists, physicists, biologists and materials scientists who wish to augment their research by quantum chemical calculations of magnetic resonance data, but who are not necessarily specialists in these methods or their applications. Furthermore, specialists in one of the subdomains of this wide field will be grateful to find here an overview of what lies beyond their own area of focus.
This reference book addresses the evolution of materials for both oxygen and hydrogen transport membranes and offers strategies for their fabrication as well as their subsequent incorporation into catalytic membrane reactors. Other chapters deal with, e.g., engineering design and scale-up issues, strategies for preparation of supported thin-film membranes, or interfacial kinetic and mass transfer issues. A must for materials scientists, chemists, chemical engineers and electrochemists interested in advanced chemical processing.
This is the first publication to describe the evolution of fluid dynamics as a major field in modern science and engineering. It contains a description of the interaction between applied research and application, taking as its example the history of fluid mechanics in the 20th century.
The focus lies on the work of Ludwig Prandtl, founder of the aerodynamic research center (AVA) in Gottingen, whose ideas and publications have influenced modern aerodynamics and fluid mechanics in many fields. While suitable for others, this book is intended for natural scientists and engineers as well as historians of science and technology.
Filling the gap for a description of the optical properties of small particles with sizes less than 1000 nm and to provide a comprehensive overview on the spectral behavior of nanoparticulate matter, this is the most up-to-date reference on the optical physics of nanoparticle systems. The author, an expert in the field with both academic and industrial experience, concentrates on the linear optical properties, elastic light scattering and absorption of single nanoparticles and on reflectance and transmittance of nanoparticle matter.
This authoritative book presents the theoretical development of gravitational physics as it applies to the dynamics of celestial bodies and the analysis of precise astronomical observations. In so doing, it fills the need for a textbook that teaches modern dynamical astronomy with a strong emphasis on the relativistic aspects of the subject produced by the curved geometry of four-dimensional spacetime.
The first three chapters review the fundamental principles of celestial mechanics and of special and general relativity. This background material forms the basis for understanding relativistic reference frames, the celestial mechanics of N-body systems, and high-precision astrometry, navigation, and geodesy, which are then treated in the following five chapters. The final chapter provides an overview of the new field of applied relativity, based on recent recommendations from the International Astronomical Union.
The book is suitable for teaching advanced undergraduate honors programs and graduate courses, while equally serving as a reference for professional research scientists working in relativity and dynamical astronomy.
The authors bring their extensive theoretical and practical experience to the subject. Sergei Kopeikin is a professor at the University of Missouri, while Michael Efroimsky and George Kaplan work at the United States Naval Observatory, one of the world?s premier institutions for expertise in astrometry, celestial mechanics, and timekeeping.
In this handbook, the leading experts in the field presents important and fundamental aspects of the organic and organometallic chemistry of fullerenes. Naturally they also cover the applications in material and medicinal science for these fascinating molecules.
Completely self-contained, the book is logically arranged such that information is easy to retrieve, and the style lends itself to effortless reading and to learning more about the chemical properties of this family of molecules.
A definitive "must" for everyone working in this ever-expanding sphere.
Unique in its review of modern analytical approaches to vitamin fortification, this book emphasizes fast, sensitive, and accurate methods, along with assays enabling the detection of various isomers and multiple vitamins.
The expert contributors describe the concepts as well as analytical and assay methods to study fortification, along with applications to create better and safer foods. Taking into considerations regulatory matters, they include data on sampling and extraction methods, and discuss the various pros and cons of each. As a result, readers are able to determine, which type of analytical method is best suited for added vitamins.
A practical guide for food chemists and technologists, as well as analytical laboratories and biochemists.
